The age of your pet when you first noticed the problem often provides a useful clue as to the cause of the incontinence. Young animals are more likely to have congenital problems such as ectopic ureters. It is important for your vet to have an accurate description of what the incontinence is like in your dog - so try to explain clearly what signs you have noticed. If your dog appears to be straining without passing any urine they may have a blockage or irritation in the bladder (cystitis) or urethra (urethritis).

A full physical examination will help to rule out potential causes of incontinence. Your vet will feel your dog's belly to see how big the bladder is. Your vet will need a urine sample from your dog to send for tests in case there is an infection. Routine blood screens are useful to rule out other diseases, particularly those resulting in excessive drinking which may make the incontinence worse.